Electron configurations of the elements (data page)

Electron configuration

Electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in the ground state. Given by subshells in concise form, by subshells written out, and by number of electrons per shell. Electron configurations of elements beyond nobelium (element 102) are tentative and those beyond rutherfordium (element 104) are predicted.

References

All sources concur with the data above except in the separately listed instances:

NIST

• http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/IonEnergy/ionEnergy.html ; retrieved July 2005, (elements 1â€"104) based on:
  • Atomic Spectroscopy, by W.C. Martin and W.L. Wiese in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, ed. by G.W.F. Drake (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1996) Chapter 10, pp. 135â€"153.

This website is also cited in the CRC Handbook as source of Section 1, subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State.

• 91 Pa : [Rn] 5f²(³H₄) 6d 7s²
• 92 U : [Rn] 5f³(⁴I^o_9/2) 6d 7s²
• 93 Np : [Rn] 5f⁴(⁵I₄) 6d 7s²
• 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹ question-marked
• 104 Rf : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s² question-marked

CRC

• David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 1, Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors; Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. (elements 1â€"104)
• Also subsection Periodic Table of the Elements, (elements 1â€"103) based on:
  • G. J. Leigh, Editor, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1990.
  • Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27, 1985.
  • Atomic Weights of the Elements, 1999, Pure & Appl. Chem., 73, 667, 2001.

WebElements

• http://www.webelements.com/ ; retrieved July 2005, electron configurations based on:
  • Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Ed. Gordon W. F. Drake, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, USA, 1996.
  • J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.
  • R.L. DeKock and H.B. Gray in Chemical Structure and bonding, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, USA, 1980.
  • A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.

• 103 Lr : [Rn].5f¹⁴.7s².7p¹ tentative ; 2.8.18.32.32.9.2 [inconsistent]
• 104 Rf : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d².7s² tentative
• 105 Db : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d³.7s² (a guess based upon that of tantalum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.11.2
• 106 Sg : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁴.7s² (a guess based upon that of tungsten) ; 2.8.18.32.32.12.2
• 107 Bh : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁵.7s² (a guess based upon that of rhenium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.13.2
• 108 Hs : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁶.7s² (a guess based upon that of osmium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.14.2
• 109 Mt : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁷.7s² (a guess based upon that of iridium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.15.2
• 110 Ds : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d⁹.7s¹ (a guess based upon that of platinum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.17.1
• 111 Rg : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s¹ (a guess based upon that of gold) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.1
• 112 Cn : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s² (a guess based upon that of mercury) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.2
• 113 Uut : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p¹ (a guess based upon that of thallium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.3
• 114 Fl : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p² (a guess based upon that of lead) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.4
• 115 Uup : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p³ (a guess based upon that of bismuth) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.5
• 116 Lv : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p⁴ (a guess based upon that of polonium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.6
• 117 Uus : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p⁵ (a guess based upon that of astatine) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.7
• 118 Uuo : [Rn].5f¹⁴.6d¹⁰.7s².7p⁶ (a guess based upon that of radon) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.8

Lange

• J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), online version, McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements. (Elements 1â€"103)

• 97 Bk : [Rn] 5f⁸ 6d 7s²
• 103 Lr : [Rn] 4f¹⁴ [sic] 6d 7s²

Hill and Petrucci

• Hill and Petrucci, General Chemistry: An Integrated Approach (3rd edition), Prentice Hall. (Elements 1â€"106)

• 58 Ce : [Xe] 4f² 6s²
• 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹ 7s²
• 104 Rf : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s² (agrees with guess above)
• 105 Db : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²
• 106 Sg : [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s²

Hoffman, Lee, and Pershina

Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 1722. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. 

This book contains predicted electron configurations for the elements 119â€"172 and 184, based on relativistic Diracâ€"Fock calculations by B. Fricke in Fricke, B. (1975). Dunitz, J. D., ed. Structure and Bonding (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 21: 89â€"144. 

See also