The Ninety-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1969 to January 3, 1971, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major legislation
- December 30, 1969: Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act, Pub.L. 91â€"173
- 1969: Tax Reform Act of 1969, Pub.L. 91â€"172
- January 1, 1970: National Environmental Policy Act, Pub.L. 91â€"190
- April 3, 1970: Environmental Quality Improvement Act, Pub.L. 91â€"224
- May 21, 1970: Airport and Airway Development Act, Pub.L. 91â€"258, title I
- August 12, 1970: Postal Reorganization Act (United States Postal Service), Pub.L. 91â€"375
- August 15, 1970: Economic Stabilization Act
- September 22, 1970: District of Columbia Delegate Act, Pub.L. 91â€"405
- October 15, 1970: Organized Crime Control Act, Pub.L. 91â€"452 (including the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ("RICO")
- 1970: Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970, Pub.L. 91â€"453
- October 26, 1970: Bank Secrecy Act, Pub.L. 91â€"508
- October 27, 1970: Controlled Substances Act, Pub.L. 91â€"513
- 1970: Rail Passenger Service Act (Amtrak), Pub.L. 91â€"518
- December 24, 1970: Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970, Pub.L. 91â€"572
- December 24, 1970: Plant Variety Protection Act, Pub.L. 91â€"577
- December 29, 1970: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), Pub.L. 91â€"596
- December 31, 1970: Clean Air Act Extension, Pub.L. 91â€"604
- December 31, 1970: Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, Pub.L. 91â€"609, including title VII, National Urban Policy and New Community Development Act of 1970
- January 12, 1971: Foreign Military Sales Act of 1971, Pub.L. 91â€"672
- 1971: Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act, Pub.L. 91â€"695
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
- Democratic: 57 (majority)
- Republican: 43
TOTAL members: 100
House of Representatives
- Democratic: 243 (majority)
- Republican: 192
TOTAL members: 435
Leadership
Senate
- President: Hubert Humphrey (D), until January 20, 1969
- Spiro Agnew (R), from January 20, 1969
- President pro tempore: Richard Russell, Jr. (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield
- Majority Whip: Ted Kennedy
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Everett Dirksen, until September 7, 1969
- Hugh Scott, from September 24, 1969
- Minority Whip: Hugh Scott, until September 24, 1969
- Robert P. Griffin, from September 24, 1969
House of Representatives
- Speaker: John W. McCormack (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Carl Albert
- Majority Whip: Hale Boggs
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Gerald Ford
- Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends, Republican of Illinois
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1970; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1972; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1974.
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress
Senate
- replacements: 3
- Democratic: 2 seat net gain
- Republican: 2 seat net loss
- deaths: 1
- resignations: 2
- Total seats with changes: 3
House of Representatives
- replacements: 14
- Democratic: 2 seat net gain
- Republican: 2 seat net loss
- deaths: 10
- resignations: 8
- Total seats with changes: 18
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol: J. George Stewart, appointed October 1, 1954, died May 24, 1970
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.Â
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.Â
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
- Ninety-First Congress, Pocket Congressional Directory. Government Printing Office. January 1969. p. 110.Â