The Globe and Mail is a nationally distributed Canadian newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities across the country. With a weekly readership of approximately 950,000 in 2011, it is Canada's largest-circulation national newspaper and second-largest daily newspaper after the Toronto Star. The Globe and Mail is regarded by some as Canada's "newspaper of record". Due to its long association with its city of origin, it is often referred to as the Toronto Globe & Mail though this is not how the paper is currently marketed or branded. Its employees are represented by Unifor, whose most recent negotiations brought in a three-year contract which is to end in 2017.
History
Forebears
The predecessor to The Globe and Mail was The Globe, founded in 1844 by Scottish immigrant George Brown, who would later become a Father of Confederation. Brown's liberal politics led him to court the support of the Clear Grits, precursor to the modern Liberal Party of Canada. The Globe began in Toronto as a weekly party organ for Brown's Reform Party, but seeing the economic gains that he could make in the newspaper business, Brown soon targeted a wide audience of liberal minded freeholders. He selected as the motto for the editorial page a quotation from Junius, "The subject who is truly loyal to the Chief Magistrate will neither advise nor submit to arbitrary measures." The quotation is carried on the editorial page to this day.
By the 1850s, The Globe had become an independent and well-regarded daily newspaper. It began distribution by railway to other cities in Ontario shortly after Canadian Confederation. At the dawn of the twentieth century, The Globe added photography, a women's section, and the slogan "Canada's National Newspaper," which remains on its front-page banner today. It began opening bureaus and offering subscriptions across Canada.
1936 formation and expansion
On 23 November 1936, The Globe merged with The Mail and Empire, itself formed through the 1895 merger of two conservative newspapers, The Toronto Mail and Toronto Empire. (The Empire, coincidentally, was founded in 1887 by a rival of Brown's, Tory politician and then-Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald.) Press reports at the time stated, "the minnow swallowed the whale" because The Globe's circulation (at 78,000) was smaller than The Mail and Empire's (118,000).
The merger was arranged by George McCullagh, who fronted for mining magnate William Henry Wright and became the first publisher of The Globe and Mail. McCullagh committed suicide in 1952, and the newspaper was sold to the Webster family of Montreal. As the paper lost ground to The Toronto Star in the local Toronto market, it began to expand its national circulation.
The newspaper was unionised in 1955, under the banner of the American Newspaper Guild.
From 1937 until 1974, the newspaper was produced at the Old Globe and Mail Building which was located at then 130 King Street West in the northeast corner King Street and Bay Street, close to the homes of the Toronto Daily Star at Old Toronto Star Building at 80 King West and the Old Toronto Telegram Building at Bay and Melinda. The building at 130 King Street West was demolished in 1974 to make way for First Canadian Place, and the newspaper moved to 444 Front Street West, formerly the headquarters of the Toronto Telegram newspaper, which had been built in 1963.
'Canada's national newspaper'
In 1965, the paper was bought by Winnipeg-based FP Publications, controlled by Bryan Maheswary, which owned a chain of local Canadian newspapers. FP put a strong emphasis on the Report on Business section that was launched in 1962, thereby building the paper's reputation as the voice of Toronto's business community. FP Publications and The Globe and Mail were sold in 1980 to The Thomson Corporation, a company run by the family of Kenneth Thomson.
The Globe and Mail has always been a morning newspaper. Since the 1980s, it has been printed in separate editions in six Canadian cities: Halifax, Montreal, Toronto (several editions), Winnipeg (actually printed in Brandon, Manitoba), Calgary and Vancouver.
Southern Ontario Newspaper Guild employees took their first ever strike vote at the Globe in 1982, also marking a new era in relations with the company. Those negotiations ended without a strike, and the Globe unit of SONG still has a strike-free record. SONG members voted in 1994 to sever ties with the American-focused Newspaper Guild. Shortly afterwards, SONG affiliated with the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada (CEP).
Under the editorship of William Thorsell in the 1980s and 1990s, the paper strongly endorsed the free trade policies of Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. The paper also became an outspoken proponent of the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord, with their editorial the day of the 1995 Quebec Referendum mostly quoting a Mulroney speech in favour of the Accord. During this period, the paper continued to favour such socially liberal policies as decriminalizing drugs (including cocaine, whose legalization was advocated most recently in a 1995 editorial) and expanding gay rights.
In 1995, the paper launched its Web site, globeandmail.com; on 9 June 2000, the Web site began covering breaking news with its own content and journalists in addition to the content of the print newspaper.
Bell Globemedia merger (2001)
Since the launch of the National Post as another English-language national paper in 1998, some industry analysts had proclaimed a "national newspaper war" between The Globe and Mail and the National Post. Partly as a response to this threat, in 2001, The Globe and Mail was combined with broadcast assets held by Bell Canada to form the joint venture Bell Globemedia.
In 2004, access to some features of globeandmail.com became restricted to paid subscribers only. The subscription service was reduced a few years later to include an electronic edition of the newspaper, access to its archives, as well as membership to a premium investment site.
On April 23, 2007, the paper introduced significant changes to its print design and also introduced a new unified navigation system to its websites. The paper added a "lifestyle" section to the Monday-Friday editions, entitled Globe Life, which has been described as an attempt to attract readers from the rival Toronto Star. Additionally, the paper followed other North American papers by dropping detailed stock listings in print and by shrinking the printed paper to a 12-inch width.
Bell Globemedia divestment (2010)
At the end of 2010, the Thomson family, through its holding company Woodbridge, re-acquired direct control of The Globe and Mail with an 85-percent stake, through a complicated transaction involving most of the Ontario-based mediasphere. BCE continued to hold 15 percent, and would eventually own all of television broadcaster CTVglobemedia.
Redesign and relaunch 2010
On October 1, 2010, The Globe and Mail unveiled redesigns to both its paper and online formats, dubbed "the most significant redesign in The Globe's history" by Editor-in-Chief John Stackhouse. The paper version has a bolder, more visual presentation that features 100% full-colour pages, more graphics, slightly glossy paper stock (with the use of state-of-the-art heat-set printing presses), and emphasis on lifestyle and similar sections (an approached dubbed "Globe-lite" by one media critic). The Globe and Mail sees this redesign as a step toward the future (promoted as such by a commercial featuring a young girl on a bicycle), as well as a step towards provoking debate on national issues (the October 1 edition featured a rare front page editorial above the The Globe and Mail banner).
The paper has made changes to its format and layout, such as the introduction of colour photographs, a separate tabloid book-review section and the creation of the Review section on arts, entertainment and culture. Although the paper is sold throughout Canada and has long called itself "Canada's National Newspaper", The Globe and Mail also serves as a Toronto metropolitan paper, publishing several special sections in its Toronto edition that are not included in the national edition. As a result, it is sometimes ridiculed for being too focused on the Greater Toronto Area, part of a wider humorous portrayal of Torontonians being blind to the greater concerns of the nation. Critics sometimes refer to the paper as the Toronto Globe and Mail or Toronto's National Newspaper. Recently, in an effort to gain market share in Vancouver, The Globe and Mail began publishing a distinct west-coast edition, edited independently in Vancouver, containing a three-page section of British Columbia news, and during the 2010 Winter Olympics, which were staged in Vancouver, The Globe and Mail published a Sunday edition, making it the first time that the paper has ever published on Sunday.
Changes since 2010
In October 2012, The Globe and Mail relaunched its digital subscription offering under the marketing brand "Globe Unlimited" to include metered access for some of its online content.
In 2014 the then-publisher Philip Crawley announced the recruitment to Editor-in-Chief of David Walmsley, a former staffer returned from afar, to be enacted 24 March.
The headquarters site at 444 Front Street West was sold in 2012 to three real estate firms (RioCan Real Estate Investment Trust, Allied Properties Real Estate Investment Trust and Diamond Corporation) who planned to redevelop the 6.5 acres (2.6Â ha) site at Front Street West into a retail, office and residential complex. In 2016, the newspaper will move to the Globe and Mail Centre at 351 King Street East, adjacent to the former Toronto Sun Building, and will occupy five of the new tower's 17 storeys and will be named The Globe and Mail Centre under a 15-year lease.
Report on Business
Report on Business commonly referred to as simply ROB, is the financial section of the newspaper. It is the most lengthy daily compilation of economic news in Canada, and is considered an integral part of the newspaper. Standard Report on Business sections are typically fifteen to twenty pages, and include the listings of major Canadian, US, and international stocks, bonds, and currencies.
Every Saturday, a special Report on Business Weekend is released, which includes features on corporate lifestyle and personal finance, as well as extended coverage of business news. On the last Friday of every month, the Report on Business Magazine is released, the largest Canadian finance-oriented magazine.
Business News Network (formerly ROBtv) is a twenty-four-hour news and business television station, founded by The Globe and Mail but operated by CTV through both companies' relationship with CTVglobemedia.
Top 1000
The Top 1000 is a list of Canada's one thousand largest public companies ranked by profit released annually by the Report on Business Magazine. For 2012, the largest company was Toronto-Dominion Bank, up from the second position.
Controversies and other gossip
Satirical nicknames for the paper include Mop and Pail or Grope and Flail, both of which were coined by longtime Globe and Mail humour columnist Richard J. Needham. The University of British Columbia's student paper, The Ubyssey published a parody issue titled Glib and Male. The spring 2008 issue of the Ryerson Review of Journalism referenced the nickname "Old and Male" for the paper's employee base and perceived target audience.
On 25 September 2012, The Globe and Mail announced they had disciplined high-profile staff columnist Margaret Wente after she admitted to plagiarism. The scandal emerged after University of Ottawa professor and blogger, Carol Wainio, repeatedly raised plagiarism accusations against Wente on her blog.
On 22 October 2012 online Canadian magazine The Tyee published an article criticizing the Globe's "advertorial" policies and design. The Tyee alleged that the Globe intentionally blurred the lines between advertising and editorial content in order to offer premium and effective ad space to high-paying advertisers. Tyee reporter Jonathan Sas cited an 8-page spread in the October 2, 2012 print edition called "The Future of the Oil Sands," to illustrate the difficulty in distinguishing the spread from regular Globe content.
Political stance
Even before the Globe merged with the Mail and Empire, the paper was widely considered the voice of the Upper Canada eliteâ€"that is, the Bay Street financial community of Toronto and the intellectuals of university and government institutions. The merger of the Liberal Globe and the Tory Mail and Empire prefigured the paper's characteristically Red Tory editorial stance, as its support alternated between the two established national parties. In the past century, the paper has consistently endorsed either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in every federal election. The paper had endorsed a third party on two occasions at the provincial level: it endorsed the social-democratic New Democratic Party in the 1991 Saskatchewan provincial election and British Columbia provincial election. The New Democrats won both elections and went on to form provincial governments.
While the paper was known as a generally conservative voice of the business establishment in the postwar decades, historian David Hayes, in a review of its positions, has noted that the Globe's editorials in this period "took a benign view of hippies and homosexuals; championed most aspects of the welfare state; opposed, after some deliberation, the Vietnam War; and supported legalizing marijuana." It was a December 12, 1967 Globe and Mail editorial that stated, “Obviously, the state’s responsibility should be to legislate rules for a well-ordered society. It has no right or duty to creep into the bedrooms of the nation.†On December 21, 1967, then Justice Minister Pierre Trudeau, in defending the government`s Omnibus bill and the legalization of homosexuality, coined the phrase "“There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation†This line was to become one of Trudeau`s most famous quotations.
Editors-in-chief
- George McCullagh (1936â€"1952)
- Oakley Dalgleish (1952â€"1963)
- R. Howard Webster 1963â€"1965
- James L. Cooper (1965â€"1974)
- Richard S. Malone (1974â€"1978)
- Richard Doyle (1978â€"1983)
- Norman Webster (1983â€"1989)
- William Thorsell (1989â€"1999)
- Richard Addis (1999â€"2002)
- Edward Greenspon (2002â€"2009)
- John Stackhouse (2009â€"2014)
- David Walmsley (2014â€"present)
Key people (present)
Senior editors
- David Walmsley, editor-in-chief
- Jill Borra, executive editor
- Paul Waldie, editor, Report on Business
- Sinclair Stewart, deputy editor
- Tony Keller, editor, editorial page
- Sylvia Stead, public editor
- Dennis Choquette, national editor
- Darcy Keith, investment editor
- Natasha Hassan, comment editor
- Anjali Kapoor, director, digital news strategy
- Ryan MacDonald, political editor
- Angela Pacienza, executive producer, video
- Kevin Siu, deputy executive editor, audience
- Devin Slater, design director
- Shawna Richer, sports editor
- Susan Sachs, foreign editor
- Moe Doiron, photo editor
- Sarah Lilleyman, Toronto editor
- Wendy Cox, B.C. editor
Foreign bureaus
- Americas
- Paul Koring, Washington Bureau Chief
- Stephanie Nolen, South America Bureau (Rio de Janeiro)
- Europe
- Eric Reguly, European Bureau (Rome)
- Mark MacKinnon, European Bureau (London)
- Middle East, Asia and Africa
- Nathan Vanderklippe, China Bureau (Beijing)
- Geoffrey York, Africa Bureau (Johannesburg)
Staff columnists
- Ian Brown
- Beppi Crosariol, Wine and Spirits
- John Doyle
- Eric Duhatschek, Hockey
- Boyd Erman, Streetwise
- Lysiane Gagnon, Quebec politics
- Marcus Gee
- John Ibbitson
- Brent Jang, Business Transportation
- Liam Lacey
- Roy MacGregor
- Lawrence Martin
- Gary Mason, British Columbia
- Leah McLaren
- Adam Radwanski, Ontario politics
- Elizabeth Renzetti, Page 2
- Lorne Rubenstein, Golf
- Doug Saunders
- David Shoalts, Hockey
- Jeffrey Simpson
- Kate Taylor
- Margaret Wente
See also
- List of newspapers in Canada
References
- David Hayes, Power and Influence: The Globe and Mail and the News Revolution (Key Porter Books, Toronto, 1992)
- "The Globe and Mail" in The Canadian Encyclopedia, Second Edition, Volume II (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1988)
- World Press Review online, "Canada: Newspapers and Magazines Online"
Further reading
- Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers (1980) pp 138â€"42
External links
- Official website
- Report on Business
- Report on Business Magazine