4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; 4-FMP; PAL-303; "Flux"), also known as para-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a psychoactive research chemical of the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant and entactogenic effects. As a recreational drug, 4-FA is sometimes sold along with related compounds such as 2-fluoroamphetamine and 4-fluoromethamphetamine.
§Effects
The subjective effects of 4-fluoroamphetamine include euphoria which some find similar to the effects of MDMA, increased energy (stimulation), mood elevation, feelings of warmth and empathy, excessive talking, bruxism, and suppressed appetite (anorexic). The general course of effects involves primarily empathogenic effects for the first few hours, which fades out as increased stimulation develops over the next several hours.
The dopamine reuptake inhibition produced by 4-FA is stronger than that of either 4-CA or 4-IA. 4-FA also produces less hyperthermia than similar compounds such as PMA, 3-MTA and 4-methylamphetamine.
Common acute side effects are nausea, headaches, increased heart rate and insomnia.
§Neurotoxicity
4-FA does not cause long-lasting depletion of brain serotonin, unlike its analogs 4-CA and 4-BA. This is thought to "reflect the inability of the fluoro-compound to be metabolized in the same way as the other haloamphetamines."
Neurotoxicity does not increase down the series of para-halogenated amphetamine derivatives, even though serotonin releasing potency does follow this trend. For example, 4-iodoamphetamine is less toxic than is 4-chloroamphetamine. Hence, this property is not related to serotonin releasing potency as such, since PAL-287 was reported to be not at all neurotoxic even though it is a powerful 5-HT releasing agent. It is unclear where 4-methylamphetamine fits in on the neurotoxicity scale. 4-MTA is an example of a para-substituted, non-neurotoxic amphetamine.
§Pharmacology
4-Fluoroamphetamine is a releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. The respective EC50 values are 2.0 x 10âˆ'7 M, 7.3 x 10âˆ'7 M, and 0.37 x 10âˆ'7 M, while the IC50 values are 7.7 x 10âˆ'7 M, 68 x 10âˆ'7 M, and 4.2 x 10âˆ'7 M.
Regarding the metabolic fate of 4-FA, the C-F bond at the 4-position on the phenyl ring likely resists deactivation in the liver by cytochrome P450 oxidase.
§Toxicology
The LD50 (mouse; i.p.) of 4-FA is 46Â mg/kg.
§See also
- 2-Fluoroamphetamine (2-FA)
- 3-Fluoroamphetamine (3-FA)
- 4-Fluoromethamphetamine (4-FMA)
- 4-Fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC)
- para-Bromoamphetamine (PBA)
§References
§External links
- Erowid: 4-Fluoroamphetamine